CLAS 220: The Greek and Roman Wedding
compiled by John Porter, University of Saskatchewan

Terms, Relevant Links Elsewhere on the WWW, and Bibliography for Course Lectures on the Greek and Roman Wedding.

NOTE: For the most part, links on this page are to relevant material on other WWW sites.
Please do not assume that the material is mine unless the page to which you are directed is clearly marked as being part of this WWW site.

Terms

(Those terms marked with an asterisk are of particular importance.)

For links to specific images to be discussed in class, visit the *Images of the Greek Wedding page.

• Menander, The Grouch 842-44
• Marriage legislation of Pericles: 451 B.C.
• Gamelia
  • Phratry
• Isaeus
• *Nomos
• Age at Marriage:
  • Xenophon, Oeconomicus 7.3ff.
  • Sophocles, Tereus, frg. 583 Radt
  • Euripides, Medea 230ff.
  • Aristotle, Politics 7.1334b-35a
  • Pompey (b. 106 B.C.) and Julia (b. c. 83 B.C.): married in 59 B.C.
• *Epikleros
  • Pisistratus (Herodotus 1.61)
  • Menander, The Shield
  • Menander, frgs. 296 [333] and 297 [334]
• Menander, The Arbitration
• Engue
  • *Kyrios
  • Menander, frg. 804 [581]:

    We should all — God, how we should — go about marrying as we go about shopping, not asking pointless questions like, "Who was the girl's grandfather? Her grandmother?", while never asking about or investigating the character of the woman you're going to spend your life with. It's folly to rush off to the bank with the dowry-money (so that the manager can assure you it's not counterfeit), when it's not going to stay in the house for more than a few months. But to ask no questions about the temperament of the woman who's going to settle down in your house for the rest of her life, and thoughtlessly to acquire a wife who's silly and quick-tempered and difficult, and a talker into the bargain! I'll parade my own daughter all round the city — "All potential suitors for this girl, come and talk to her, find out beforehand what sort of pest you'll be marrying." A woman's bound to be a pest, but happy the man who gets the most tolerable pest. (tr. N. Miller)

  • Terence, The Mother-in-Law
• Proteleia
  • Greek Anthology 6.280
• Hipponax
    [See entry number 2 on the page Women in Classical Antiquity: Ancient and Modern Sources, Ancient and Modern Attitudes]
• Shrine of the Nymph
  • J. Travlos, Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Athens 361-64
• Kallirrhoe spring
  • Enneakrounos
• *Loutrophoros
• Nympheutria
• Nymphokomos
• Nymphides
• *Pandora
  • Prometheus
  • Epimetheus
  • Hesiod, Works and Days 42ff.
  • Hesiod, Theogony 507ff.
  • cf. Homer, Iliad 14.153-353
• *Lapiths vs. Centaurs (Centauromachy)
  • Thessaly
  • Peirithoös and Hippodameia/Deidameia
• *Anakalypteria
• Ekdosis
• Sappho frg. 44: Marriage of Hector and Andromache
• Aristophanes, Birds 1706ff.
• *Marriage of Peleus and Thetis
• *Parochos / Paranymphios
• Hymen! Hymenaios!
• Pais Amphithales
• *Catachysmata
  • Aristophanes, Wealth 789-801
• Persephone
  • *Homeric Hymn to Demeter
• *Thalamos
• *Epithalamium
• *Thyoros
  • Theseus and Peirithoös in Hades
  • Theseus rescued by Heracles
• *Gamos
  • Xenophon, Symposium 9.2: Masque of Dionysus and Ariadne (idealized portrayal, in mythical garb, of the first union between bride and groom)
• *XEK
  • compare the vignette at Euripides, Alcestis 915-25
• *Epaulia
  • Eustathius, Commentary on Homer's Iliad, vol. 4, p. 865:

    From the word "courtyard" (aule) comes the word "cottage/stable" ... and the term for the courtyard door and that for the rite of the epaulia which follows the wedding, as Pausanias [2nd C. A.D. lexicographer] also indicates, in the passage where he mentions the day of the epaulia, on which the bride has passed her first night (epaulistai) in the home of the bridegroom, and the gifts of the epaulia sent from the bride's father on the day after the wedding and brought to the bride and groom as part of a procession. For a young boy, he says, leads the procession dressed in a white gown and holding a burning torch. Following him is another young child, a girl, bearing the sacred basket. Then there are the other young girls, bearing dishes, unguents, garments, combs, chests, perfume jars, fancy slippers, cases, perfumed oils, and soaps. Sometimes, he says, they also bring the dowry.

• *Lebes Gamikos
• Iunx
  • [Image: the woman to right of the doorway is employing a iunx.]
• *Alcestis

• *In Manum (Cum Manu)
  • Coemptio
    • Nummus
  • *Confarreatio
    • Farreus Panis / Libum Farreum
    • Pontifex Maximus
    • Flamen Dialis
    • Mola Salsa
      • Vestal Virgins
  • Usus
• *Sine Manu
  • "Tuas res tibi habeto."
• Tutor
• Sponsalia
• Toga Praetexta
• Tutulus
• Vittae
• Tunica Recta
• Knot of Hercules
• *Flammeum
  • Nubere
• Pronuba
  • Univira
  • Dextrarum Iunctio: cf. Terence, Girl from Andros 282ff.
• "Ubi tu Gaius, ego Gaia."
• Auspex
• *Tabulae Nuptiales
  • Plautus, Menaechmi 110-24 and 753-809
  • Plautus, Asinaria 746ff. (a mock version of such wedding contracts, here between a young man and a procuress, from whom he is renting the services of a prostitute for one year)
• *Fides vs. *Amor
  • Gyges and Candaules (Herodotus 1.8ff.)
  • Plutarch, Moralia 142b-c ["... a husband must be fair ... and reason as follows concerning a wife who is both chaste and severe: 'I cannot consort with one and the same woman, employing her both as a lawful wife and as a hetaira.'"]
  • Lucretius 4.1268ff.
  • *Morigera
    • See Gordon Williams in JRS 48 (1958) 16-29 (cited in bibliography below).
• Cena
• Deductio
• Catullus
• Camilli
• "Talassio!"
• Fescennine Verses
• Puer Delicatus
• Janus

Links to Relevant Sites Elsewhere on the WWW

• "Matrimonium," in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities
• Ancient Weddings
• "Til Death Do Us Part": Marriage and Funeral Rites in Classical Athens (student essay by Jana Shopkorn)
• Marriage in Ancient Rome
• Matrimonium (excerpt from William Smith's A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities)
  • other relevant entries are listed on the same site under Roman Law Articles
• The Roman Dowry
• Marriage & Divorce Papyri of the Ancient Greek, Roman, and Jewish World

Bibliography

For a list of journal abbreviations and call numbers, see the
Journals Relating to Classics in the University of Saskatchewan Libraries page.

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• Cairns, D.L. "'Off with her *AIDOS*': Herodotus 1.8.3-4," CQ 46 (1996) 78-83.
• Cameron, A. "Love (and Marriage) between Women," GRBS 39 (1998) 137-56.
• Cantarella, E. "Roman Marriage. Social, Economic and Legal Aspects," in K. Mustakallio, J. Hanska, J.-L. Sainio, and V. Vuolanto, eds., Hoping for Continuity. Childhood, Education and Death in Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Rome, 2005) 25-32.
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• Couëlle, C. "La loi d'Aphrodite," in O. Cavalier, ed., Silence et fureur: la femme et le mariage en Grèce: les antiquités grecques du Musée Calvet (Avignon, 1996) 229-48.
• Cox, C.A. Household Interests: Property, Marriage Strategies, and Family Dynamics in Ancient Athens. Princeton, 1998.
• DeBloois, N.A. "Rape, Marriage, or Death? Perspectives in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter," PQ 76 (1997) 245-62.
• Delia, D. "Marriage Egyptian Style," I, Clavdia II (2000) 139-47.
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• Dixon, S. "The Sentimental Ideal of the Roman Family," in B. Rawson, ed., Marriage, Divorce, and Children in Ancient Rome (Oxford, 1991) 99-113.
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• Evans-Grubbs, J. "'Marriage More Shameful Than Adultery': Slave-Mistress Relationships, 'Mixed Marriages,' and Late Roman Law," Phoenix 47.2 (1993) 125ff.
• Ferrari, G. Figures of Speech: Men and Maidens in Ancient Greece. Chicago, 2002.
• Ferrari, G. "What Kind of Rite of Passage Was the Ancient Greek Wedding?" in D.B. Dodd and C.A. Faraone, eds., Initiation in Ancient Rituals and Narratives. New Critical Perspectives (London and New York, 2003) 27-42.
• Foley, H.P. The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: translation, commentary, and interpretive essays. Princeton, 1994.
• Foley, H.P. "Marriage and Sacrifice in Euripides' Iphigenia at Aulis," Arethusa 15 (1982) 159-80.
• Gernet, J. "Hypothèses sur le contrat primitif in Grèce," REG 30 (1917) 249-93, 368-83.
• Golden, M. "Epilogue: Some Trends in Recent Work on Athenian Law and Society," in V. Hunter and J. Edmondson, eds., Law and Social Status in Classical Athens (Oxford and New York, 2000) 175-85.
• Golden, M. "Demography and the Exposure of Girls at Athens," Phoenix 35 (1981) 316-31.
• Green, B. "IsiXhosa Nostra: A comparison of Roman and Xhosa law of marriage," Akroterion 48 (2003) 111.
• Grubbs, J.E. Women and Law in the Roman Empire. A Sourcebook on Marriage, Divorce and Widowhood. London and New York, 2002.
• Hague, R.H. "Ancient Greek Wedding Songs: The Tradition of Praise," Journal of Folklore Research 20 (1983) 131-43.
• Hague, R. "Marriage Athenian Style," Archaeology 41.3 (1988) 32-36.
• Harris, W.V. "Child-Exposure in the Roman Empire," JRS 84 (1994) 1-22.
• Haley, S.P. "The Five Wives of Pompey the Great," G&R 32 (1985) 49-59.
• Hopkins, K. "The Age of Roman Girls at Marriage," Population Studies 18 (1965) 309-27.
• Hopkins, K. "On the Probable Age Structure of the Roman Population," Population Studies 20 (1966) 245-64.
• Ingalls, W. "Paida Nean Malista: When did Athenian Girls Really Marry?" Mouseion 1 (2001) 17-29.
• Ingalls, W. "Demography and Dowries: Perspectives on Female Infanticide in Classical Greece," Phoenix 56 (2002) 246-54.
• Instone-Brewer, D. "1 Corinthians 7 in the Light of the Graeco-Roman Marriage and Divorce Papyri," Tyndale Bulletin 52 (2001) 101-16.
• Isager S. "The Marriage Pattern in Classical Athens. Men and Women in Isaios," C&M 33 (1981-1982) 81-96.
• Jenkins, I. "Is There Life after Marriage? A Study of the Abduction Motif in Vase Paintings of the Athenian Wedding Ceremony," BICS 30 (1983) 137-45.
• Kaimio, M. "Erotic experience in the conjugal bed: good wives in Greek tragedy," in M.C. Nussbaum and J. Sihvola, eds., The Sleep of Reason: Erotic Experience and Sexual Ethics in Ancient Greece and Rome (Chicago, 2002)
• Kauffmann-Samaras, A. "Paroles et musiques de mariage en Grèce antique," in O. Cavalier, ed., Silence et fureur: la femme et le mariage en Grèce: les antiquités grecques du Musée Calvet (Avignon, 1996) 435-48.
• Konstan, D. "Premarital Sex, Illegitimacy, and Male Anxiety in Menander and Athens," in A. Boegehold and A. Scafuro, eds., Athenian Identity and Civic Ideology (Baltimore, 1994) 217-35.
• Konstan, D. "[oikia d'esti tis philia]: Love and the Greek Family," Syllecta Classica 11 (2000) 106-26.
• Konstan, D. "Enacting Eros," in M.C. Nussbaum and J. Sihvola, eds., The Sleep of Reason: Erotic Experience and Sexual Ethics in Ancient Greece and Rome (Chicago, 2002)
• Kousser, R. "The World of Aphrodite in the Late Fifth Century B.C.," in C. Marconi, ed., Greek Vases: Images, Contexts and Controversies (Leiden and Boston, 2004) 97-112.   [Eretrian epinetron]
• Larson, J.L. Greek nymphs: myth, cult, lore. Oxford, 2001.
• Le Corsu, F. Plutarque et les femmes dans les Vies parallèles. Paris, 1981.
• Lefkowitz, M.R. "Seduction snd Rape in Greek Myth," in A.E. Laiou, ed., Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval Societies (Cambridge [Mass.], 1993) [].
• Lefkowitz, M.R. "The Last Hours of the Parthenos," in E.D. Reeder, ed., Pandora: Women in Classical Greece (Princeton, 1995) 32-38.
• Lefkowitz, M. "Wives and Husbands," G&R 30 (1983) 31-47.
• Leiwo, M., and H. Halla-Aho. "A Marriage Contract: Aspects of Latin-Greek Language Contact (P. Mich. VII 434 and P. Ryl. IV 612 = ChLA IV 249)," Mnemosyne 55.5 (2002) 560-80.
• Lelis, A., W.A. Percy, and B.C. Verstraete. The Age of Marriage in Ancient Rome. Lewiston, 2003. [BMCR review]
• Lissarrague, F. "Regards sur le mariage grec," in O. Cavalier, ed., Silence et fureur: la femme et le mariage en Grèce: les antiquités grecques du Musée Calvet (Avignon, 1996) 415-34.
• Llewellyn-Jones, L. Aphrodite's Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece. Swansea, 2003.
• Lyons, D. "Dangerous Gifts: Ideologies of Marriage and Exchange in Ancient Greece," CA 22 (2003) 93-134.
• MacLachlan, B.C. "Love, War and the Goddess in Fifth-Century Locri," AncW 26 (1995) 205-23.
• Martin, D.B. "The Construction of the Ancient Family: Methodological Considerations," JRS 86 (1996) 40-60.
• McGinn, T.A.J. "Missing Females? Augustus' Encouragement of Marriage between Freeborn Males and Freedwomen," Historia 53.2 (2004) 200-08.
• McKechnie, P. "An Errant Husband and a Rare Idiom (P.Oxy. 744)," ZPE 127 (1999) 157-61. [exposure of children]
• McManus, B.F. "Multicentering: The Case of the Athenian Bride," Helios 7 (1990) 225-35.
• Morizot, P. "L'âge au mariage des jeunes romaines à Rome et en Afrique," CRAI (1989) 656-69.
• Moses, D.C. "Livy's Lucretia and the Validity of Coerced Consent in Roman Law," in A.E. Laiou, ed., Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval Societies (Cambridge [Mass.], 1993) [].
• Nikolaidis, A. G. "Plutarch on Women and Marriage," WS 110 (1997) 27-88.
• Oakley, J.H., and R.H. Sinos. The Wedding in Ancient Athens. Madison, 1993.
• Oakley, J.H. Picturing Death in Classical Athens. The Evidence of the White Lekythoi. Cambridge, 2004.
• Oakley, J.H. "Death. Women in Athenian Ritual and Funerary Art," in N. Kaltsas, and A. Shapiro, eds., Worshiping Women. Ritual and Reality in Classical Athens (New York, 2008) 334-41.
• Oakley, J.H. "Some 'Other' Members of the Athenian Household: Maids and Their Mistresses in Fifth-century Athenian Art," in B. Cohen, ed., Not the Classical Ideal: Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art (Leiden, Boston, and Köln, 2000) 227-47.
• Oakley, J.H. "Nuptial Nuances: Wedding Images in Non-Wedding Scenes of Myth," in E.D. Reeder, ed., Pandora: Women in Classical Greece (Princeton, 1995) 63-73.
• Ormand, K. Review of Oakley/Sinos, The Wedding in Ancient Athens: CP 91 (1996) 80-84.
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• Patterson, C. "'Not Worth the Rearing': The Causes of Infant Exposure in Ancient Greece," TAPA 115 (1985) 103-23.
• Patterson, C. "Plutarch's Advice on Marriage: Traditional Wisdom through a Philosophic Lens," ANRW II, 33.6 (1991) 4709-23.
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• Phang, S.E. The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 BC-AD 235): Law and Family in the Imperial Army. Leiden, 2001.
• Philippides, K. "Terence's Eunuchus: Elements of the Marriage Ritual in the Rape Scene," Mnemosyne 48 (1995) 272-84.
• Pomeroy, S.B., ed. Plutarch's Advice to the Bride and Groom and A Consolation to his Wife. New York and Oxford, 1999.
• Pomeroy, S.B. Xenophon, Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary. Oxford and New York, 1994.
• Pritchard, D.M. "Fool's gold and silver: reflections on the evidentiary status of finely painted Attic pottery," Antichthon 33 (1999) 1-27.
• Rawson, B., ed. Marriage, Divorce, and Children in Ancient Rome. Oxford, 1991.
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• Redfield, J. "Notes on the Greek Wedding," Arethusa 15 (1982) 181-201.
• Redfield, J.M. The Locrian Maidens. Love and Death in Greek Italy. Princeton and Oxford, 2003.
• Reeder, E.D. "Representing Women: Aidos and Sophrosyne, Gesture and Gaze, The Wedding," in E.D. Reeder, ed., Pandora: Women in Classical Greece (Princeton, 1995) 123-94.
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• Treggiari, S. "Putting the Bride to Bed," EMC 13 (1994) 311-31.
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• Wohl, V. "Scenes from a Marriage: Love and Logos in Plutarch's Coniugalia Praecepta," Helios 24 (1997) 170-92.
• Wolff, H.J. "Marriage Law and Family Organization in Ancient Athens," Traditio 2 (1944) 43-95.
• Wolpert, A. "Lysias 1 and the Politics of the Oikos," CJ 96 (2001) 415-24.
• Wycherley, R.E. Agora III: Literary and Epigraphical Testimonia. London, 1957. [pp. 13ff. on the loutrophoria]
• Wyke, M. The Roman Mistress: Ancient and Modern Representations. Oxford, 2002.
• Zeitlin, F.I. "The Economics of Hesiod's Pandora," in E.D. Reeder, ed., Pandora: Women in Classical Greece (Princeton, 1995) 49-56.

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