Dutch impression of aborigines, 17th century.

Fort Santo Domingo, Tamsui.* * Photos: Jerome Keating.

Fort Provincia at sunset. (Photo: Courtesy of National Central Library, Taiwan Branch.)

Fort Zeelandia, Dutch occupation.

Spanish map of Dutch fortifications at Anping.

Image and seal of Shi Lang, Ch'ing Era.

Cheng Ch'eng Kung (Photo: Courtesy of National Central Library, Taiwan Branch.)

Map of Taiwan. We highlight both the four ports opened as a result of Tientsin Treaty (1858) and Hengchun where Japanese landed in 1874 in the Peony Tribe Affair. Some other locations in this 1891 map are not geographically accurate.

The Illustrated London News, February 27, 1875.

Keelung, cemetery for French military killed in 1884-85.*

Keelung, Ch'ing Era cannon overlooks harbor; British attack repulsed in Opium War, 1841.*

Taiwan Republic stamp and post mark.

Flag of Taiwan Republic, 1895.

This Japanese landing memorial near Keelung was destroyed, but later rebuilt to symbolize resistence.

Painting illustrating Japanese troops entering Taipei city in 1895.

Taipei Station in Ch'ing Era.

Taipei Station in Japanese Era.

Traditional Sugar Cane Plant, Ch'ing Era.

Sugar Cane Factory, Japanese Era.

Japanese military exploit camphor monopoly in mountains.

Placing tea in boxes, Japanese Era.

View of the River Tamsui at Toatutia, Japanese Era.

Ami Tribe, Japanese Era.

Aborigines of the Ami Tribe in colorful dance costumes at Harvest Festival, 2000.*

The members of Xing Ming Hui, Taiwanese students studying in Japan, 1920 (Photo: Courtesy of Li Chih-Chang, Photograph of Lin Family in Wu-Feng, p. 128.)

Japanization of Taiwanese, 1937. (Photo: Courtesy of A History of Taiwan's Colonial Rule, p. 110)

Taiwanese technicians at a Training Center to help war effort, Japanese Era.

Japanese use aborigines to fight aborigines in Mu-Sha Affair.

Japanese use aircraft to spread poison gas in Mu-Sha Affair.

Aboriginal volunteers to Japan in South Asia, WWII. (Photo: Courtesy of A History of Taiwan's Colonial Rule, p. 133.)

People welcome KMT troops in 1945; note: The National Flag is backwards.

KMT Nationalist troops evacuated to Taiwan in 1949; note: wide range of ages.

President Lee Teng-hui apologizes to the people for the 2-28 affair (February 28, 1995). (Photo: Courtesy of Academia History.)

1950's rendition of PRC- ROC standoff.

President Lee Teng-hui, Taiwan's first directly elected President.(Photo: Courtesy of Government Information Office.)

Chen Shui-bian, Taiwan's second directly elected President. (Photo: Chang Chin Yuan.)

Taipei: traditional style architecture, foreground; contemporary style, background.*