Preface to the New Edition vii
Foreword
by Robert A, Scalapino xiii
A Frontier Tradition 1
PART ONE: THE VIEW FROM WASHINGTON, 1941-1945
Filling the Empty Files at Washington 9
Intelligence Reports-Chinese Style 12
Bombing Objective Folders and Propaganda 15
Formosa's Future: The Battle of the Memoranda 18
"China Firsters" 20
The Fateful Cairo Declaration 23
Operation Causeway: The Nimitz Plan to Seize Formosa 28
Bombs Away! 33
Who Will Get the Prize? 37
The Washington View in 1944 and 1945 39
xxii CONTENTS
A Struggle for Place in the New Island Government 44
The Chen Yi Appointment: Chiang Shows His True Colors
47
PART TWO: THE CHINESE TAKE OVER
III. The Surrender on Formosa, 1945
Formosa in Limbo 61
September Liberators 67
The Chinese Take Over - With Some Help 71
A Matter of "Face" at Taipei 74
The Formal Surrender, October 25, 1945 78
The American Image: the "God Country" 80
All Eyes on the Americans in Uniform 82
What Returning Formosan Labor-Conscripts Had to Say 87
Wanted: Permanent Consular Representation at Taipei 91
The KMT Military Scavengers 97
Formosan Reaction to the Nationalist Armed Forces 103
The Stockpile Bonanza: Something for the Men at the Top 105
The Chinese Commissioners Prepare to Build a New Formosa 113
Nationalist Party Men as "Tutors" in Formosa 116
The Confiscated Japanese Property Deal 120
VI. Chen Yi's "Necessary State Socialism"
The Monopoly Mechanism 124
"If You Can't Sell the Product, Sell the Plant!" 127
Ships and Rails: Communications in an Island World 134
Crisis Behind the Scenes? 136
Cutting the Formosan Pie Another Way 139
The Formosa Problem That Would Not Go Away 143
CONTENTS xxiii
Institutional Schizophrenia: The American Consular Establishment 146
Okinawans and Other Troublesome People 149
Chinese Reaction to Foreign Critics: "Getting the Facts
Straight" 153
The Peculiar UNRRA Program for China 158
The Fraudulent CNRRA Program 161
UNRRA's "Battle of the Pescadores" 168
The Communications Stranglehold 171
The Break-up of Public Health and Welfare Services 174
Plague and Cholera Return: "This is China Now" 179
PART THREE: CRISIS AND AFTERMATH
IX. The Formosans' Story: A Year of Disenchantment
Law and Order Under the New Regime 187
Representative Government and the Kuomintang 194
The First Peoples' Political Council Assembly versus Chen Yi 196
The Development of Opposition Leadership 201
Intervention: Nanking, Tokyo, Washington, or the UN? 204
The Formosan Press Formulates the Issues 206
Is the U.S.A. Responsible? 210
The Chiangs Visit Taipei 216
American Propaganda Feeds the Fires of Discontent 218
The Second PPC Assembly Brings the Crisis Near 221
The Government's "Hate Foreigners" Campaign 224
How the Match Was Laid 232
Are Formosans Brothers, Cousins, or Enemy Aliens? 234
No Constitution in 1947? 239
Formosa and the Crisis at Shanghai 240
The February Monopolies 243
A Formosan Appeal to General Marshall, Secretary of State 250
xxiv CONTENTS
XII. The February Incident, 1947
Murder in the Park and Mobs in the Streets 254
How to Settle the Incident? 258
"Formosans Attack the American Consulate!" 259
March 2: Chen Yi Concedes a Need for Change 262
March 3: An Appeal for American Understanding 266
XIII. Town Meetings, American Style
Island-wide Mobilization of Public Opinion 271
The "Star-Spangled Banner" and All That 275
Miss Snow Red and the Communists 278
The Youth League and Local Political Expression 281
The "Thirty-two Demands" - What the Formosans Wanted 285
Reform - Not Rebellion 288
The Betrayal 291
General Chen's Monday Morning View of the Situation 294
What the Unwelcome Foreigners Saw 297
The Generalissimo's View of the Affair on Formosa 307
The American Position at Taipei 311
Settling the Incident, Nationalist Party Style 313
Chinese Press Notices and Propaganda in the United States 316
The Situation in the American Embassy, Nanking 320
Diplomatic Paralysis Sets In 326
XVI. The "Reform Administration"
General Chen Yi Rewarded 331
Dr. and Mrs. Wei's Reform Administration 337
The Terror Continued 341
General Wedemeyer's Visit 344
Sun Fo: "Communist Agents in the American Consulate?" 351
American Bases for Formosa 353
How to Regain American Support? 356
Chiang's Search for Assurance 361
CONTENTS xxv
A Million Dollars for the Missionaries 364
General Chen Cheng Prepares the Island Refuge 366
Chinese Theatre: The Generalissimo "Retires" 371
PART FOUR: FORMOSA BECOMES "FREE CHINA"
Saving Chiang in Washington 381
Taipei, "Temporary Capital of China" 384
Reform! Reform! 388
Chiang Returns to the Presidency 392
Chiang Saved - But Leashed 396
XIX. Formosa's "Republican Decade"
Problems of Representation -and Misrepresentation 398
MacArthur on Formosa 402
The American Embassy's View of Formosa 408
The Attack on the American Embassy in May, 1957 410
The Missionary Picture 413
Cooperation's Price Tag 416
Dumping the Liberals 421
A Case for Mr. Dulles 426
Getting at the Facts: The Conlon Report 431
Red China's Formosa 434
Peking Prepares to Liberate Formosa 437
"Little China" - the Chinese Liberals' Program 443
The Search for Independence 451
Emerging Independence Leadership 452
Japan as a Refuge from Both Chiang and Mao 460
The "Provisional Government" at Tokyo 462
xxvi CONTENTS
New Voices Overseas 466
An "Appeal for justice" 467
Appendices
II.
Dr. K. C. Wu's Views on the Police State and General Chiang Ching-kuo 480
Figures
Figure 1: Formosa's strategic position in the western Pacific.
