Table 1: List of Mitochondrial proteins involved in apoptosis

 

Protein / Class of proteins

Class/ Location/ Activity/ Function

References

Bcl-2

 

 

·       Membrane protein in the PTPC

·       Antiapoptotic, controls membrane potential and volume homeostasis

PTPC= Permeability Transition Pore Complex

(43, 44, 48, 48, 122, 166, 167)

Bcl-XL

 

 

·       Membrane protein in the PTPC

·       Antiapoptotic, controls membrane potential and volume homeostasis.

(122, 167, 168)

Bcl-xES

 

·       Membrane protein in the PTPC

·       Antiapoptotic, controls membrane potential and volume homeostasis

(169)

Nip 3

·       Membrane protein in the PTPC

·       Enhances inner and outer membrane potential

(170)

Bax

 

 

·       Protein translocating to mitochondria

·       p53 induced protein

·       Pro-apoptotic , makes pores for Cyt C and apoptotic factor release

(43, 48, 166, 170)

Bak

 

·       Protein translocating to mitochondria

·       Pro-apoptotic , makes pores for Cyt C and apoptotic factor release

(43, 170, 171)

Bad

 

·       Protein translocating to mitochondria

·       Pro-apoptotic

(43, 167)

Bid

 

·       Protein translocating to mitochondria

·       Pro-apoptotic

(43, 170, 171)

Bim

·       Protein translocating to mitochondria

·       Pro-apoptotic

·       Enhances outer membrane permiability

(41, 170)

NoxA

·       Pro-apoptotic

·       p53 induced protein

(172, 173)

Puma

·       Pro-apoptotic

·       p53 induced protein

(172, 173)

Proline oxidase

·       Proapoptotic

·       p53 induced protein

·       induces inner membrane permeability

·       generates reactive oxygen species (ROS)

(174)

p53

·       Protein translocating to mitochondria

·       Antagonist to Bcl-2/ Bcl-XL

(173)

Cyt C

 

·       Proteins released from mitochondria

·       Activator of apoptosome

(32, 175)

Hsp 10

·       Proteins released from mitochondria

·       Co-activator of apoptosome

(176)

Smac/ DIABLO

·       Proteins released from mitochondria IAP inhibitor

(6, 122, 171, 177)

Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF)

 

·       Proteins released from mitochondria

·       Antioxidant flavor protein released from mitochondria to promote nuclear DNA fragmentation

(178, 179)

Endonuclease G

·       Proteins released from mitochondria

·       Promotes nuclear DNA fragmentation

(171)

Omi/ High temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2)

·       Proteins released from mitochondria

·       IAP inhibitor

(180, 181)

Voltage dependent anion channel

(VDAC)

·       Membrane protein in the PTPC

·       PTP component in the outer mitochondrial membrane

(61, 66, 182)

Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT)

·       Membrane protein in the PTPC

·       PTP component in the inner mitochondrial membrane

(47, 92, 183)

Cyclophilin D

 

·       Membrane protein in the PTPC

·       PTP component in the mitochondrial matrix

(41, 184, 185)

Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor

·       Membrane protein in the PTPC

·       PTP component in the outer mitochondrial membrane

(98, 102)

Procaspases

·       Protein released from mitochondria

·       Caspase activtion

(176)